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中国便秘日|约5000万国人正受便秘困扰,老人、女性最易便秘

发布日期:2022-3-30 发布者:译语翻译公司 页面功能: 【字体:

 

中国便秘日|5000万国人正受便秘困扰,老人、女性最易便秘

China Constipation Day | About 50 million people are suffering from constipation, the elderly and women are most prone to constipation

老人和女性最容易便秘

The elderly and women are most prone to constipation

老人容易便秘,一是因为年龄大了,吃饭量减少后,便量也会减少,便意也会减少,所以老人排便次数会变少,易出现便秘;二是老年人胃肠功能较弱,肠蠕动速度缓慢,也易导致便秘。北京友谊医院消化内科主任医师吴咏冬告诉健康时报记者,此外,摄入膳食纤维减少、缺乏运动、合并多种疾病和多重用药也是老年人发生便秘的重要原因。

"The elderly are prone to constipation. First, because they are older, after eating less food, the amount of stool will also decrease, and the stool will also decrease, so the number of bowel movements in the elderly will decrease, and constipation is prone to occur; second, the gastrointestinal function of the elderly is weak, Slow bowel movements can also easily lead to constipation." Wu Yongdong, chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, told the Health Times reporter that in addition, reduced intake of dietary fiber, lack of exercise, combined with multiple diseases and multiple medications are also important reasons for constipation in the elderly.

老年人由于牙齿松动、脱落、缺损,咀嚼功能减退,往往造成膳食纤维摄入不足,驱体活动不便或卧病在床使老年患者活动量明显减少。另外,老年患者常合并多种慢性疾病,需长期服用多种药物,包括抗胆碱能药物、阿片类药、钙剂、钙通道阻滞剂等,都是老年人发生便秘的重要原因。

Due to loose teeth, loss, defects, and decreased masticatory function, the elderly often cause insufficient intake of dietary fiber, inconvenience in physical activity or bedridden, which significantly reduces the activity of elderly patients. In addition, elderly patients often have a variety of chronic diseases and need to take a variety of drugs for a long time, including anticholinergic drugs, opioids, calcium agents, calcium channel blockers, etc., which are important reasons for constipation in the elderly.

女性便秘,多是与活动量少、缺乏运动,肠道蠕动缓慢有关。吴咏冬谈到,排便是一个习惯,一个反射,它受情绪、环境影响较大,而女性常常因为工作等原因忍着不排便,长此以往,这种不规律的排便习惯就容易造成便秘。还有一些女性进食量少,也会造成大便量少,便意减少。

"Women's constipation is mostly related to less activity, lack of exercise, and slow bowel movements." Wu Yongdong said that defecation is a habit and a reflex, which is greatly affected by emotions and the environment, and women often endure it because of work and other reasons If you don't have a bowel movement, in the long run, this irregular bowel habit can easily lead to constipation. There are also some women who eat less, which will also cause less stool and less stool.

此外,便秘在女性妊娠期非常常见,主要与孕激素、机械性因素和生活方式改变有关。妊娠期由于孕激素作用,胃动素减少导致结肠蠕动减慢;妊娠6个月以上时,子宫增大,压迫肠管,使肠内容物运行障碍;饮食习惯改变和运动减少也参与便秘的发生。

In addition, constipation is very common in women during pregnancy and is mainly related to progesterone, mechanical factors, and lifestyle changes. During pregnancy, due to the action of progesterone, the reduction of motilin leads to the slowing of colonic peristalsis; when the pregnancy is more than 6 months, the uterus enlarges, compressing the intestinal tube, and making the intestinal contents run disorder; changes in eating habits and reduced exercise are also involved in the occurrence of constipation.

防治慢性便秘,先从饮食、良好的排便习惯入手

To prevent chronic constipation, start with diet and good bowel habits

吴咏冬建议,预治便秘,首先要建立好定时定点的良好排便习惯不能凭着感觉,有一搭没一搭的,这就建立不起来排便的条件发射。

Wu Yongdong suggested that to prevent constipation, first of all, we must establish a good defecation habit at regular intervals.

晨起的起立反射可促进结肠运动,有助于产生便意。调查显示大部分人群的排便行为在早晨,男性一般在上午7∶008∶00之间,女性则较男性晚1 小时左右。另外,进餐后胃窦扩张、食物进入十二指肠诱发的胃结肠反射和十二指肠结肠反射均可促进结肠的集团蠕动,产生排便反射,有利于成功排便。

The standing up reflex in the morning promotes colonic movement and helps to have a bowel movement. The survey shows that most people defecate in the morning, usually between 7:00 am to 8:00 am for men, and about 1 hour later for women than men. In addition, the gastrocolic reflex and duodenocolonic reflex induced by the expansion of the gastric antrum and the entry of food into the duodenum after a meal can promote the group peristalsis of the colon and produce the defecation reflex, which is conducive to successful defecation.

因此,建议在晨起和餐后2 小时内尝试排便。最好在家中如厕,排便时需集中注意力,避免受到与排便无关的因素干扰,养成良好的排便习惯。

Therefore, it is recommended to try a bowel movement in the morning and within 2 hours after a meal. It is best to go to the toilet at home, concentrate on defecation, avoid being disturbed by factors unrelated to defecation, and develop good defecation habits.

其次,推荐便秘患者采取蹲位排便姿势。有研究证实,相比于坐位排便,蹲位时腹压并无明显增加,且此时耻骨直肠肌放松,排便时的直肠肛角变大(大于正常坐位,126°100°P<0.05),直肠管腔变直、排便所需的直肠应变就小,有利于粪便的排出;蹲位排便可缩短排便时间,改善排便费力,提高患者排便满意度。

Second, it is recommended that patients with constipation adopt a squatting defecation position. Some studies have confirmed that compared with the sitting position, the abdominal pressure does not increase significantly in the squatting position, and the puborectalis muscle relaxes at this time, and the anorectal angle during defecation becomes larger (greater than the normal sitting position, 126° vs. 100°, P<0.05). ), the rectal lumen becomes straight, and the rectal strain required for defecation is small, which is conducive to the excretion of feces; the squatting position can shorten the defecation time, improve the defecation effort, and improve the patient's defecation satisfaction.

第三,要增加膳食纤维和水的摄入、增加运动等。增加膳食纤维可改善便秘症状谱,包括排便频率、粪便性状、排便疼痛和结肠转运时间等,推荐每天的膳食纤维的摄入量为2035g,并推荐使用可溶性膳食纤维;每天摄入2 升水会增强膳食纤维的通便作用,因此多项便秘指南推荐每天的水摄入量为1.52.0L

Third, increase the intake of dietary fiber and water, increase exercise, etc. Increasing dietary fiber can improve the spectrum of constipation symptoms, including defecation frequency, stool texture, defecation pain, and colonic transit time. The recommended daily intake of dietary fiber is 20-35 g, and the use of soluble dietary fiber is recommended; intake of 2 liters of water per day It will enhance the laxative effect of dietary fiber, so many constipation guidelines recommend a daily water intake of 1.5 to 2.0L.

规律的体育运动可缩短肠道传输时间、利于通便,有氧运动如步行、骑车等对改善便秘有效,一般推荐每天的运动量为3060 分钟,每周至少2次。

Regular physical activity can shorten intestinal transit time and facilitate defecation. Aerobic exercise such as walking and cycling is effective in improving constipation. It is generally recommended to exercise for 30 to 60 minutes per day, at least twice a week.

From website: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/

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