译语翻译分享-一唆面条就发作 “烟雾病”了解下

一唆面条就发作 “烟雾病”了解下

"Moyamoya disease" occurs as soon as you instigate noodles

烟雾病和吸烟没一点关系

Moyamoya has nothing to do with smoking

“烟雾病”？相信很多人听到这个陌生的名词还以为是和吸烟有关的疾病。其实不然！烟雾病是由于大脑主要分支血管进行性狭窄或闭塞，导致颅底血管网异常增生，形成烟雾血管，从而引发了一系列症候。由于这种颅底异常血管在脑血管造影图像上就像袅袅升起的炊烟，故被形象地称为“烟雾病”。

"Moyamoya disease"? I believe many people hear this unfamiliar term and think it is a smoking-related disease. actually not! Moyamoya disease is due to the progressive stenosis or occlusion of the main branch blood vessels of the brain, which leads to abnormal proliferation of the vascular network at the base of the skull and the formation of smoke blood vessels, which triggers a series of symptoms. Because this kind of abnormal blood vessels at the base of the skull resemble the rising smoke on the cerebral angiography images, it is vividly called "moyamoya disease".

孩子如果患有烟雾病，普遍会出现言语混乱，不同程度的头痛以及情绪烦躁和易怒等症状。成年人早期症状比较明显，如不同程度的呕吐以及头晕、头痛、四肢麻木、视物模糊等表现。

If children suffer from moyamoya disease, they will generally have symptoms such as speech confusion, headaches of varying degrees, irritability and irritability. Early symptoms in adults are more obvious, such as varying degrees of vomiting, dizziness, headache, numbness of the limbs, blurred vision, etc.

吃面条是怎么触发怪病“机关”的？

How does eating noodles trigger a strange disease "organ"?

据接诊医生陈世超介绍，很多烟雾病患者的首发症状均为吃面条时诱发的手脚发麻、肌无力。之所以会在吃面条时发病，主要是因为我们吃面条的时候要用力吸气，导致大脑中二氧化碳排出过多。因此造成脑血管收缩，血流量减少，烟雾病患者因脑供血不足，就会出现相应症状。

According to the doctor Chen Shichao, the first symptoms of many moyamoya disease patients are numbness and muscle weakness caused by eating noodles. The reason why we get sick when we eat noodles is mainly because we have to inhale hard when we eat noodles, which leads to excessive carbon dioxide emissions from the brain. As a result, cerebral blood vessels constrict and blood flow is reduced. Patients with moyamoya disease will have corresponding symptoms due to insufficient blood supply to the brain.

其实，烟雾病患者在剧烈运动和情绪激动时，如生气、哭闹、跑步也有可能会出现类似症状。

In fact, patients with moyamoya disease may also experience similar symptoms during intense exercise and emotional agitation, such as anger, crying, and running.

There are two ways to deal with this rare disease

这个罕见病有两种办法对付

烟雾病是一种罕见病。目前，医学界公认烟雾病一旦确诊，应该尽早进行外科手术治疗，在脑组织出现不可逆的功能障碍之前，通过手术建立血流侧支循环通道，改善脑补供血，预防脑的缺血损伤。

Moyamoya disease is a rare disease. At present, the medical community recognizes that once moyamoya disease is diagnosed, surgical treatment should be carried out as soon as possible. Before the irreversible dysfunction of the brain tissue appears, collateral circulation channels of blood flow should be established through surgery to improve the brain's blood supply and prevent cerebral ischemic damage.

确诊烟雾病有两套治疗方案。

There are two treatment options for moyamoya disease.

第一种方案是颞浅动脉贴敷术　颞浅动脉贴敷是把颞浅动脉分离后形成筋膜条，缝合于硬膜上贴敷于大脑表面，慢慢形成侧支循环，给大脑供血。贴敷手术的优势在于手术方式简单、创面较小。

The first option is superficial temporal artery application. Superficial temporal artery application is to separate the superficial temporal artery to form a fascia strip, which is sutured to the dura and applied to the surface of the brain to slowly form collateral circulation and supply blood to the brain. The advantages of patch surgery are simple operation and small wounds.

第二种方案是颅内外血管搭桥术　这是一种通过颅外血管与颅内主要分支血管连接的方式，将颅外动脉系统血液直接引入缺血脑组织的手术方案。直接搭桥手术可迅速建立血管的侧支通道，短时间内可改善局部脑供血不足的症状，但该手术的不足在于改善范围有限。

The second option is intracranial and extracranial vascular bypass surgery. This is a surgical procedure in which blood from the extracranial arterial system is directly introduced into the ischemic brain tissue by connecting the extracranial blood vessels with the main branches of the intracranial blood vessels. Direct bypass surgery can quickly establish collateral passages of blood vessels, and can improve the symptoms of local cerebral insufficiency in a short time, but the disadvantage of this surgery is that the scope of improvement is limited.

无论是搭桥还是贴敷，都是将颅外血引流到颅内。实施搭桥+贴敷的联合手术方案，可以有效克服两者缺点，且通过两者结合能快速建立血流侧支通道，更大范围地改善脑补供血。

Whether it is a bypass or a patch, the extracranial blood is drained into the skull. The implementation of the combined operation plan of bypass and patch can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the two, and through the combination of the two, the blood flow collateral channel can be quickly established, and the brain's blood supply can be improved to a larger extent.

这个怪病能预防吗？先天性因素很难预防，但是获得性因素却是可防的。首先，要控制感染的发生，防止感染性疾病对血管的损害，有病要及时就诊；其次，要改变现有不良的生活，比如嗜烟酒、高脂饮食、熬夜以及缺乏运动等等。

Can this strange disease be prevented? Congenital factors are difficult to prevent, but acquired factors are preventable. First of all, it is necessary to control the occurrence of infections, prevent the damage of blood vessels caused by infectious diseases, and seek medical treatment in time if there are diseases; secondly, it is necessary to change the existing unhealthy life, such as smoking and drinking, high-fat diet, staying up late, and lack of exercise.

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