译语翻译分享-防治青少年抑郁症，必须让教育回归育人本位

防治青少年抑郁症，必须让教育回归育人本位

To prevent and treat depression in adolescents, education must be returned to the standard of educating people

据教育部网站消息，教育部日前对政协《关于进一步落实青少年抑郁症防治措施的提案》进行了答复，其中明确将抑郁症筛查纳入学生健康体检内容，建立学生心理健康档案，评估学生心理健康状况，对测评结果异常的学生给予重点关注。

According to the website of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education recently responded to the CPPCC "Proposal on Further Implementing the Prevention and Treatment Measures for Adolescent Depression", which clearly included depression screening in the content of student health examinations, established student mental health files, and assessed student mental health Give special attention to students with abnormal evaluation results.

去年，为贯彻落实《健康中国行动（2019-2030年）》心理健康促进行动有关要求，加大抑郁症防治工作力度，鼓励社会心理服务体系建设试点地区探索开展抑郁症防治特色服务，国家卫生健康委办公厅印发《探索抑郁症防治特色服务工作方案》，要求各个高中及高等院校将抑郁症筛查纳入学生健康体检内容，建立学生心理健康档案，评估学生心理健康状况，对测评结果异常的学生给予重点关注。

Last year, in order to implement the relevant requirements of the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" mental health promotion action, strengthen the prevention and treatment of depression, encourage the development of the pilot area of ​​the social psychological service system to explore the development of special services for the prevention and treatment of depression, and the national health and health The General Office of the Committee issued the "Exploring the Work Plan for Depression Prevention and Cure Specialized Services", requiring all high schools and institutions of higher learning to incorporate depression screening into the content of student health examinations, establish student mental health files, evaluate students’ mental health, and respond to abnormal results. Students give key attention.

也就是说，教育部此次做出答复提到的青少年抑郁症防治措施，早在去年已经作为工作要求，布置给有关部门和学校。那么，需要追问的是，究竟执行情况如何？重视青少年抑郁症防治，不能在出问题时表态重视，把重视停留在文件和工作方案中，而需要建立真正重视的长效机制。

In other words, the measures for the prevention and treatment of adolescent depression mentioned in the reply made by the Ministry of Education this time have been assigned to relevant departments and schools as work requirements as early as last year. Then, what needs to be asked is, what is the implementation situation? Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of depression in adolescents. We should not take it seriously when there are problems. We should keep our attention in the documents and work plans. Instead, we need to establish a long-term mechanism that really pays attention to it.

有关调查研究显示，我国青少年的抑郁症问题，有日益严重并低龄化的趋势，越来越多的学生受抑郁症困扰。但我国公众对常见精神障碍和心理行为问题的认知率仍比较低，更缺乏防治知识和主动就医意识，部分患者及家属仍然有病耻感。在这种情况下，有的学生因及时发现，及早咨询、疏导、干预、救治，得以康复，而有的则由于缺乏相应的心理常识与科学认知，错过危机干预，酿成悲剧。很显然，如果能主动加强对抑郁症的筛查，那么，会及时发现问题，加以有针对性地疏导、救治。

Relevant investigations and studies have shown that the problem of depression among adolescents in my country is becoming more serious and younger, and more and more students are plagued by depression. However, the public's awareness of common mental disorders and psychological and behavioral problems is still relatively low, and the knowledge of prevention and treatment and the awareness of active medical treatment are still lacking. Some patients and their families still have a sense of stigma. In this case, some students recovered due to timely discovery, early consultation, counseling, intervention, and treatment, while others missed crisis intervention due to lack of corresponding psychological knowledge and scientific understanding, leading to tragedies. Obviously, if we can take the initiative to strengthen the screening of depression, then problems will be discovered in time, and targeted guidance and treatment will be given.

把抑郁症筛查纳入学生健康体检，有两方面重要意义：一是借此对青少年进行心理科普，让青少年学生了解自己的心理状况，促进心理健康。据报道，2019年7月24日，中国青年报在微博上发起一项针对大学生抑郁症的调查，在超过30万的投票中，有超过两成的大学生，认为自己存在严重的抑郁倾向。但这只是学生的自我认识，缺乏科学的依据，而如果缺乏科学认知，有的学生不会把抑郁当回事，有的则会因怀疑自己有抑郁症而烦恼，加重心理负担。

Incorporating depression screening into student health examinations has two important meanings: one is to carry out psychological science popularization among young people, so that young students can understand their own psychological conditions and promote their mental health. According to reports, on July 24, 2019, the China Youth Daily launched a survey on depression among college students on Weibo. In more than 300,000 votes, more than 20% of college students believed that they had serious depression tendencies. But this is only the students' self-knowledge, lacking scientific basis, and if they lack scientific knowledge, some students will not take depression seriously, and some will be troubled by suspicion that they have depression and increase their psychological burden.

二是对筛查出来的需要重点关注的对象，进行有针对性的疏导、干预。“解铃还须系铃人”，疏导心理问题，要对症下药。长期以来，我国学校、家庭以及社会，有把心理问题当成是思想问题、道德问题的倾向，比如，学生已有抑郁倾向，家长却批评学习态度不积极、不求上进，或者意志不坚定。筛查抑郁症，可以促进学校和家庭认真对待孩子的心理问题。

The second is to conduct targeted guidance and intervention on the objects that need to be focused on that have been screened out. "To solve the bell, you must tie the bell." For a long time, schools, families and society in our country have tended to treat psychological problems as ideological and moral problems. For example, students have a tendency to be depressed, but parents criticize their attitude toward learning, lack of improvement, or lack of determination. Screening for depression can encourage schools and families to take children’s psychological problems seriously.

在筛查过程中，也存在需要注意的问题。首先是如何保护学生的隐私。鉴于社会上对心理问题普遍存在偏见，加之健康问题本就属于隐私，对于有心理问题、抑郁症倾向的学生，需要强调保护隐私，不能因隐私泄露加重学生的心理压力。更不能把心理健康作为综合素质评价的一部分，这会导致学生不配合进行筛查。

In the screening process, there are also problems that need attention. The first is how to protect the privacy of students. In view of the widespread prejudice against psychological problems in the society, and health problems are inherently private, for students with psychological problems and depression tendencies, it is necessary to emphasize the protection of privacy, and not aggravate the psychological pressure of students due to privacy leaks. Not to mention mental health as a part of comprehensive quality evaluation, which will lead to students not cooperating in screening.

其次是要对学生进行个性化的心理咨询、疏导。对于已经患有严重抑郁症的，需要专业医疗、救治；普遍的心理问题，则需要学校加强心理健康教育，通过发挥专业心理教师的作用，关注学生的心理健康。今年7月，教育部办公厅印发《关于加强学生心理健康管理工作的通知》，要求进一步提高学生心理健康工作针对性和有效性，着力提升学生心理健康素养。通知还明确，每所中小学至少要配备1名专职心理健康教育教师，高校按师生比不低于1：4000比例配备心理健康教育专职教师，且每校至少配备两名。但现实不容乐观，有些中小学根本没有配备专职心理教师，有的即便配备，也是身兼数职。

The second is to provide personalized psychological counseling and counseling to students. For those who are already suffering from severe depression, professional medical treatment and treatment are needed; for general psychological problems, schools need to strengthen mental health education, and pay attention to the mental health of students by playing the role of professional psychological teachers. In July this year, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Students' Mental Health", requesting to further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of students' mental health work, and focus on improving students' mental health literacy. The notice also made it clear that each elementary and middle school must be equipped with at least one full-time mental health education teacher, and colleges and universities should be equipped with a full-time mental health education teacher at a teacher-student ratio of not less than 1:4000, and each school should be equipped with at least two. But the reality is not optimistic. Some primary and secondary schools are not equipped with full-time psychology teachers at all, and some even have multiple jobs.

从根本上说，重视学生心理健康，是“育人”，而当前不少中小学办学存在应试教育倾向，“育分而不育人”，对心理健康不够关注，有些不但不重视学生发生心理问题之后的疏导，甚至还不断制造心理问题。调查显示，中小学生的心理问题主要源于学业压力、升学压力，以及由学业、升学所产生的师生矛盾、亲子矛盾。关注青少年心理健康，既要及时进行疏导、救治，更要让教育回归育人本位，建设关注孩子身心健康发展的教育生态。

Fundamentally speaking, attaching importance to the mental health of students is to "educate people". At present, many primary and secondary schools have a tendency to "educate students rather than educate people", and not pay enough attention to mental health. Some not only don't pay attention to students' psychological After the problem, the guidance has even continued to create psychological problems. The survey shows that the psychological problems of primary and middle school students mainly stem from academic pressure, pressure to enter a higher education, and contradictions between teachers and students, and parent-child conflicts caused by their studies and further studies. Paying attention to the mental health of young people requires timely guidance and treatment, and more importantly, returning education to the standard of educating people, and building an education ecology that focuses on the physical and mental health of children.

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