译语翻译分享-什么是贵金属？

贵金属是指钌（Ru），铑（Rh），钯（Pd），银（Ag），锇（Os），铱（Ir），铂（Pt）和金（Au）。除Ag和Au外，其他统称为铂金属。贵金属被广泛用于石油，化学，电子，电气，船舶和航空工业，被称为工业“维生素”。汞有时被列为贵金属。并非所有耐腐蚀金属都被视为贵金属。例如，虽然钛、铌和钽非常耐腐蚀，但它们不是贵金属。

Noble metals refer to ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt) and gold (Ag). Except for Ag and Au, the others are collectively referred to as platinum metals. Precious metals are widely used in petroleum, chemical, electronic, electrical, marine and aviation industries, and are called industrial "vitamins". Mercury is sometimes classified as a precious metal. Not all corrosion-resistant metals are considered precious metals. For example, although titanium, niobium, and tantalum are very resistant to corrosion, they are not precious metals.

称金属为“贵金属”也可以用作形容词来描述它们的化学和电化学活性。在这个定义下，金属可以按照是贵金属还是活性金属来排序。该电流系列可用于在特定条件下(通常在一组条件下(如酸碱度))将一种金属和另一种金属应用于特定应用。在这种情况下，石墨(碳的一种形式)比银更贵。

Calling metals "noble metals" can also be used as adjectives to describe their chemical and electrochemical activities. Under this definition, metals can be sorted according to whether they are precious metals or active metals. The current series can be used to apply one metal and another metal to a specific application under specific conditions (usually under a set of conditions (such as pH)). In this case, graphite (a form of carbon) is more expensive than silver.

贵金属的物理定义

Physical definition of precious metals

化学允许对贵金属有一个宽松的定义，但物理定义更具限制性。在物理学中，贵金属是D带中充满电子的金属。按照这个定义，只有金、银、铜才是贵金属。

Chemistry allows a loose definition of precious metals, but physical definitions are more restrictive. In physics, noble metals are metals full of electrons in the D-band. According to this definition, only gold, silver, and copper are precious metals.

贵金属的用途

Uses of precious metals

一般来说，贵金属用于珠宝、造币、电气应用、制造保护涂层和作为催化剂。金属的确切用途因元素而异。在大多数情况下，这些金属很贵，所以你可能会因为它们的价值而认为它们“高贵”。

Generally, precious metals are used in jewelry, coinage, electrical applications, manufacturing protective coatings, and as catalysts. The exact use of the metal varies from element to element. In most cases, these metals are expensive, so you might consider them "noble" because of their value.

铂，金，银和钯:这些是金银，用来制造硬币和珠宝。这些元素也可以用于医药，尤其是抗菌银。因为它们是优良的导体，这些金属可以用来制造触点和电极。铂是一种极好的催化剂。钯被用于牙科、手表、火花塞、外科器械以及作为催化剂。

Platinum, gold, silver and palladium: These are gold and silver used to make coins and jewelry. These elements can also be used in medicine, especially antibacterial silver. Because they are excellent conductors, these metals can be used to make contacts and electrodes. Platinum is an excellent catalyst. Palladium is used in dentistry, watches, spark plugs, surgical instruments and as a catalyst.

铑:铑可以电镀在铂，纯银和铂，以增加光泽和保护。这种金属在汽车和化学工业中用作催化剂。这是一种极好的电接触，可用于中子探测器。

Rhodium: Rhodium can be electroplated on platinum, sterling silver and platinum to increase luster and protection. This metal is used as a catalyst in the automobile and chemical industries. This is an excellent electrical contact that can be used for neutron detectors.

钌:钌用于增强其他合金，尤其是涉及其他贵金属的合金。它用于制作笔尖、电触点和催化剂。

Ruthenium: Ruthenium is used to reinforce other alloys, especially alloys involving other precious metals. It is used to make pen nibs, electrical contacts and catalysts.

铱:铱和钌的使用方式相同，因为两种金属都很硬。铱用于火花塞、电极、坩埚和笔尖。可用于制造小型机械零件，是一种优良的催化剂。

Iridium: Iridium and ruthenium are used in the same way because both metals are very hard. Iridium is used in spark plugs, electrodes, crucibles and pen tips. It can be used to manufacture small mechanical parts and is an excellent catalyst.

From website：https://www.sohu.com/