译语翻译分享-“0卡”不重要

 

卡路里是热量的单位，通常用“千卡”来标示。大家在食品标签上看到的“千焦”也是热量的单位，1千卡约等于4.2千焦。

Calorie is a unit of heat, usually marked with "kcal". The "kJ" you see on food labels is also a unit of calories, and 1 kcal is approximately equal to 4.2 kJ.

因为热量与减肥有关，所以“0卡”别具吸引力。

Because calories are related to weight loss, "0 calories" is very attractive.

在食物的宏观成分中，碳水化合物（包括膳食纤维）、蛋白质、脂肪都会产生热量，只有水不产生热量。在甜味剂中，高倍甜味剂因为用量极少，热量可以忽略。而糖醇因为甜度低，所以用量大，热量不能忽略。在常见的糖醇中，赤藓糖醇因为几乎不被吸收代谢，所以国家标准中不对它计算热量，而其他的糖醇，比如木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、山梨糖醇等等，就都需要计算热量。

Among the macro-components of food, carbohydrates (including dietary fiber), protein, and fat all produce calories. Only water does not produce calories. Among the sweeteners, the amount of high-power sweeteners is very small, so the calories can be ignored. The sugar alcohol is low in sweetness, so the dosage is large, and the calories cannot be ignored. Among the common sugar alcohols, erythritol is hardly absorbed and metabolized, so the national standard does not calculate calories. Other sugar alcohols, such as xylitol, maltitol, sorbitol, etc., are all required Calculate calories.

也就是说，要想实现“0卡”，那么主要原料就只能是水和赤藓糖醇，所以“0卡”的食物只能是无糖饮料。至于市场上的“0卡糖”，其实就是赤藓糖醇和高倍甜味剂的混合，只能用来作为食物饮料的添加成分，不应该单独作为食物。因为，赤藓糖醇摄入过多可能导致腹泻，所以需要控制摄入量——所以，0卡糖通常用于饮料中，烘焙食品等都可能因为用量较大而带来腹泻风险。

In other words, if you want to achieve "0 calorie", the main raw materials can only be water and erythritol, so the "0 calorie" food can only be sugar-free beverages. As for the "0-calorie sugar" on the market, it is actually a mixture of erythritol and high-strength sweeteners. It can only be used as an additive in food and beverages and should not be used as a food alone. Because excessive intake of erythritol may cause diarrhea, it is necessary to control the intake-therefore, 0 calorie sugar is usually used in beverages, baked goods, etc., may bring diarrhea risk due to the large amount.

实际上，选择食物没有必要过于纠结热量值本身，而应该关注热量来自于什么食物成分。比如我们来举三个例子：食品A由蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉组成，比例较为合理，是一款中规中矩的食品；食品B的热量与食品A相同，但是蛋白质少、含有大量的糖，可以算得上大家通常所说的“垃圾食品”了；食品C虽然热量甚至要高一些，但是不含糖，蛋白质和膳食纤维都相当丰富，算得上是一款“健康食品”了。

In fact, choosing food does not need to be too entangled in the caloric value itself, but should pay attention to what food ingredient the calories come from. For example, let’s take three examples: Food A is composed of protein, fat, and starch. The ratio is reasonable, and it is a fairly satisfactory food; Food B has the same calories as Food A, but contains less protein and a lot of sugar, which can be considered as such. Everyone usually refers to it as "junk food"; although food C is even higher in calories, it does not contain sugar, and is quite rich in protein and dietary fiber. It can be regarded as a "healthy food".

总结一下就是：对于食物的热量，数值本身不是那么重要，重要的是营养组成——如果热量中来自于糖和脂肪的部分很多，那么就是“劣质热量”；而如果来自于蛋白质和膳食纤维的部分多，那么就是没有关系。

To sum up, the value itself is not so important for the calories of the food. The important thing is the nutritional composition-if the calorie comes from sugar and fat a lot, then it is "inferior calories"; and if it comes from protein and dietary fiber There are too many parts, then it doesn't matter.

 

 “0添加”很时髦，根源是人们对食品添加剂的恐慌。

"0 Addition" is very fashionable, and the root cause is people's panic about food additives.

中国批准使用的食品添加剂有2400多种，其中绝大多数种类是香精香料，其他几百种又可以分为防腐剂、增稠剂、乳化剂、抗氧化剂、酸度调节剂、着色剂、甜味剂等等。所有的种类都是经过深入广泛的安全评估，在国际上多个主要国家也批准使用的。其中的大多数，合法规范地使用就能够实现使用目标，甚至没有“过量”“滥用”的必要。

There are more than 2,400 food additives approved for use in China, most of which are flavors and fragrances, and the other hundreds can be divided into preservatives, thickeners, emulsifiers, antioxidants, acidity regulators, colorants, and sweetness. Agent and so on. All types have undergone in-depth and extensive safety assessments, and have been approved for use in many major countries in the world. Most of them can be used legally and normatively to achieve the purpose of use, and there is even no need for "excessive" "abuse".

更重要的是，食品添加剂的合理使用，能够提升食品的风味、口感和安全性。如果需要食品添加剂而“强行不用”，要么会降低食品品质，要么需要采取其他的工艺手段。比如大家关注最多的防腐剂亚硝酸盐，在加工肉制品中按规范使用，自身到不了危害健康的量，同时又能够起到足够的防腐效果。如果不使用它，就只有三种选择：

More importantly, the rational use of food additives can improve the flavor, taste and safety of food. If food additives are needed and "forcibly not used", it will either reduce the quality of the food or require other technological means. For example, nitrite, the preservative that everyone pays most attention to, is used in accordance with the specifications in processed meat products. It cannot reach the amount that is harmful to health by itself, and at the same time, it can have sufficient antiseptic effect. If you don't use it, there are only three options:

1.承担被肉毒杆菌污染导致出现肉毒素的风险。这是一种毒性极强的毒素，有过不少致死的报道；

1. Bear the risk of botulinum toxin caused by botulinum contamination. This is a very toxic toxin, and there have been many fatal reports;

2.通过密封之后彻底加热，即市场上的罐头或者“软罐头”包装。不需要防腐剂，但深度加热对于肉的口感影响很大；

2. After being sealed, it is heated thoroughly, that is, canned food or "soft canned food" packaging on the market. No preservatives are needed, but deep heating has a great influence on the taste of meat;

3.冷藏或者冷冻保存。

3. Refrigerate or freeze storage.

这三种情况在市场上都存在，想要追求“无防腐剂”，你会选择哪一种呢（当然，“不吃”也是一种选择）？

These three situations exist in the market. If you want to pursue "preservative-free", which one would you choose (of course, "not eating" is also a choice)?

其实，“0添加”也是一个话术套路。比如，某款著名的饮料鼓吹“不加香精”“不加色素”“不加防腐剂”，其实是因为该产品本来就用不着加这些。它的生产需要的食品添加剂是乳化剂，另外为了风味而添加的是白砂糖。

In fact, "0 add" is also a verbal technique. For example, a well-known beverage advocates "no flavor", "no coloring", and "no preservative" because the product does not need to add these. The food additive needed for its production is an emulsifier, and white sugar is added for flavor.

简而言之，食品原料和食品添加剂有成千上万种，按照功能也有好多个类别。任何食品，需要添加的原料和食品添加剂都是有限的几种，其他的都可以变成“不添加XX”。在大多数情况下，“不添加XX”都只是话术游戏。而不指明“XX”具体内容的“无添加”“0添加”，意味着是食材的原始状态，基本上就只能是纯水以及各种“初级农产品”了。

In short, there are thousands of food raw materials and food additives, and there are many categories according to their functions. For any food, there are a limited number of raw materials and food additives that need to be added, and the others can be changed to "no XX". In most cases, "do not add XX" is just a game of words. "No addition" and "0 addition" without specifying the specific content of "XX" means that the original state of the ingredients is basically pure water and various "primary agricultural products".

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